Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus, the predominant bacterial pathogen) Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Arcanobacterium haemolyticum (can mimic S. pyogenes, most often in college-aged students, also accompanied by diffuse macular rash) Bordetella pertussis. Streptococci: other including Group C, Group F, Group G. …Aerobic, gram-negative (GN) rod, E. coli is a member of Enterobacteriaceae: human strains may be: (1) commensal bowel flora; (2) intestinal pathogenic (enteric/diarrheagenic); (3) extra-intestinal pathogenic. The predominant gram negative in the composition of normal human colonic flora. Motile, flagellated, non-spore-forming.Enterovirus: Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC): an epidemic form of highly contagious conjunctivitis characterized by the sudden onset of painful, swollen, red eyes, with conjunctival hemorrhaging and excessive tearing. Caused by a picornavirus, enterovirus 70. Most commonly seen in Asia and Africa.May 8, 2014 ... I was wondering what abx guides people use. I have the Hopkins app (free through my school) but I've heard good things about Sanford.Pneumonia, Community-acquired (Pediatric) View topics in the Diagnosis Respiratory Pneumonia section of Johns Hopkins Guides. Official website of the Johns Hopkins Antibiotic (ABX), HIV, Diabetes, and Psychiatry Guides, powered by Unbound Medicine. Johns Hopkins Guide App for iOS, iPhone, iPad, and Android included.Including peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscess (IDSA guidelines: mild-moderate community-acquired infections only) Septicemia caused by S. pneumoniae, S. aureus (MSSA), E. coli, Klebsiella species, and Bacteroides species including B. fragilis (author’s comment: not a first-line agent for anaerobes, should confirm susceptibility) …Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacilli of the Enterobacteriaceae family that ferments lactose and forms mucoid colonies. Twenty-two species belong to the Enterobacter genus. [11] Enterobacter spp. are commensals of the human gut and are commonly found in water, sewage, and soil.While heparin and warfarin are both anticoagulants, heparin provides an immediate response, while warfarin is generally used for long-term treatment, according to Johns Hopkins Med...Aerobic, Gram-negative rod of Enterobacteriaceae family, Klebsiella tribe. Only S. marcescens is a routine cause of human disease; others ( S. liquefaciens, S. rubidaea, S. odorifera) are rare. Produces red hues upon growth on some nutrient agars and substances [ Fig]. There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to …Pharyngitis and tonsillitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes. Uncomplicated skin and skin-structure infections caused by S. aureus (MSSA) and S. pyogenes. Acute otitis media. By H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains only) and M. catarrhalis. There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.FDA. Treatment of serious or severe infections caused by susceptible strains of MRSA. Initial therapy when MRSA is suspected. Oral vancomycin: antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis caused by C. difficile and enterocolitis caused by S. aureus (including MRSA)Johns Hopkins POC-IT Guides. This series of comprehensive references, created by the experts at Johns Hopkins Medicine, is updated monthly and organized to let clinicians easily find information at the point-of-care. Compare pricing. Official website of the Johns Hopkins Antibiotic (ABX), HIV, Diabetes, and Psychiatry Guides, powered by …Database List By Format: New Databases ... Displaying databases filtered by New_Databases. View all types. Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. The Johns Hopkins ABX ( ...UTIs. Endovascular - step-down therapy. CNS candidiasis - step-down therapy. Neonatal candidiasis. Prophylaxis: critically ill patients s/p GI surgery, candidal infection prevention. Cryptococcal infections: meningitis (non-HIV) and pulmonary infections (HIV, non-HIV) Coccidioidomycosis. Disseminated cryptococcosis.We improve the public's health by training epidemiologists and advancing knowledge concerning the causes and prevention of disease and the promotion of ...FDA. All forms of tuberculosis. Treatment of asymptomatic carriers of Neisseria meningitidis to eliminate meningococci from the nasopharynx. Rifampin is used to reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and other antibacterial drugs--used only to treat or prevent infections proven or strongly suggested to be caused by bacteria.Many viral pathogens may cause upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), > 200 known; below is only a partial listing: Rhinovirus. Most common. Influenza virus. Coronavirus.Access up-to-date medical information for less than $1 a week. Purchase a subscription I’m already a subscriber. Browse sample topics. Flucloxacillin answers are found in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.Streptococcal infections (Group A streptococcal pharyngitis, Group B Streptococci); Otitis media (Haemophilus influenzae, beta-lactamase negative strains); Diverticulitis (in combination with metronidazole); Gonorrhea (in combination with probenecid, however currently not recommended due to high failure rate); Enteric …CLINICAL. Definition: a descriptive term for inflamed glans penis +/- prepuce (which is termed prosthitis, both = balanoposthitis). Causes/associations: infection, diabetes mellitus (check serum or urine glucose as may be initial presentation), poor hygiene (uncircumcised), chemical irritants (soap, petroleum jelly), anasarca, drugs, morbid ...Johns Hopkins POC-IT Guides. This series of comprehensive references, created by the experts at Johns Hopkins Medicine, is updated monthly and organized to let clinicians easily find information at the point-of-care. Compare pricing. Official website of the Johns Hopkins Antibiotic (ABX), HIV, Diabetes, and Psychiatry Guides, powered by …Septic shock is a subset of sepsis in which underlying circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities are associated with a greater mortality risk than sepsis alone. [1] Both virulence of the pathogen and the host’s immunologic vulnerabilities determine the sepsis’s likelihood and outcome. Pathogens are associated with a site of ...Nov 2, 2022 ... Antibiotic guidelines 2015-2016. Johns Hopkins. Medicines. Available from: http://www. insidehopkinsmedicine.org/amp. Pneumonia. UTI. Meningitis.Access up-to-date medical information for less than $1 a week. Purchase a subscription I’m already a subscriber. Browse sample topics. Dicloxacillin answers are found in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.FDA. Treatment of serious or severe infections caused by susceptible strains of MRSA. Initial therapy when MRSA is suspected. Oral vancomycin: antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis caused by C. difficile and enterocolitis caused by S. aureus (including MRSA)Many viral pathogens may cause upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), > 200 known; below is only a partial listing: Rhinovirus. Most common. Influenza virus. Coronavirus.Use of ciprofloxacin for acute sinusitis, AECB and acute uncomplicated UTIs should be avoided due recent FDA warning (Boxed warning) regarding serious and potentially permanent side effects (tendonitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS side effects). FDA safety warning regarding fluoroquinolone use. Skin and skin …OK, we dig National Donut Day, too. But what's up with "holidays" like Oreo Day, Froot Loop Day, and Tater Tot Day? One food blogger can explain all. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree ...Aerobic, Gram-negative rod of Enterobacteriaceae family, Klebsiella tribe. Only S. marcescens is a routine cause of human disease; others ( S. liquefaciens, S. rubidaea, S. odorifera) are rare. Produces red hues upon growth on some nutrient agars and substances [ Fig]. There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to …Cefazolin answers are found in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.Septic shock is a subset of sepsis in which underlying circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities are associated with a greater mortality risk than sepsis alone. [1] Both virulence of the pathogen and the host’s immunologic vulnerabilities determine the sepsis’s likelihood and outcome. Pathogens are associated with a site of ...The nomenclature is currently in flux. The clinical entity of mucormycosis refers to infection by organisms previously classified as Zygomycetes that are within the phylum Mucormycota order Mucorales. These include at least 38 species reported to cause infections in humans. These include Rhizopus species (most common), Rhizomucor …It may be used to track outbreaks, including invasive infections. The invasive infections are associated with certain types (emm1, emm3, emm4, emm6, emm12, emm18, emm89). All isolates remain susceptible to beta-lactams; however, worrisome resistance rates to alternative antibiotics are rising (data from 2011-2018 in the U.S.).By Gallagher and Conan MacDougall. 3rd Ed. 2013. The Johns Hopkins ABX Guide features up-to-date, authoritative, evidenced-based information on the treatment of infectious diseases to help you make decisions at the point of care. The guide breaks down details of diagnosis; drug indications, dosing, pharmacokinetics, side …Johns Hopkins POC-IT Guides. This series of comprehensive references, created by the experts at Johns Hopkins Medicine, is updated monthly and organized to let clinicians easily find information at the point-of-care. Compare pricing. Official website of the Johns Hopkins Antibiotic (ABX), HIV, Diabetes, and Psychiatry Guides, powered by Unbound ...Presence of functional or anatomic urologic abnormalities define the infection as complicated pyelonephritis; consider management in consultation with a specialist. Acute pyelonephritis is uncommon in men absent a urinary tract abnormality. Clinical: signs and symptoms include fever, chills, flank pain, nausea, and vomiting.Alternative dosing: one full applicator (5 g) at bedtime for 7 days. Acne vulgaris: Cleocin T (gel, solution, lotion): apply twice daily to the affected area. More than one pledget can be used. Evoclin (foam): apply once daily to the affected area. Clindagel (gel): apply once daily to the affected area.Acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS) Use for AECB and ABS indications should be avoided for routine use due recent FDA warning (Black Box warning) regarding serious and potentially permanent side effects (tendonitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS side effects). FDA safety warning regarding fluoroquinolone use.Definition: though a general term for inflammation, cellulitis in this module means a spreading bacterial infection of the skin. Erysipelas: superficial, sharply demarcated--nearly always group A Streptococcus. Cellulitis: deeper (subcutaneous) than erysipelas. Most cases are due to group A Streptococcus, but other streptococci are …PATHOGENS. Polymicrobial gastrointestinal flora. Anaerobes, including Bacteroides species. Gram-negative bacilli, including Enterobacterales. Enterococcus spp. (pathogenic role significance of enterococci remains controversial for many intraabdominal infections) There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.Johns Hopkins POC-IT Guides. This series of comprehensive references, created by the experts at Johns Hopkins Medicine, is updated monthly and organized to let clinicians easily find information at the point-of-care. Compare pricing. Official website of the Johns Hopkins Antibiotic (ABX), HIV, Diabetes, and Psychiatry Guides, powered by …Pneumonia, Community-acquired (Pediatric) View topics in the Diagnosis Respiratory Pneumonia section of Johns Hopkins Guides. Official website of the Johns Hopkins Antibiotic (ABX), HIV, Diabetes, and Psychiatry Guides, powered by Unbound Medicine. Johns Hopkins Guide App for iOS, iPhone, iPad, and Android included.Enteric infections ( Proteus mirabilis infections, salmonellosis, shigellosis) Urinary tract infections. Note: ampicillin is not recommended to be used for empirically for the treatment of cystitis by IDSA guidelines due to its poor efficacy and the very high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative organisms [11]. Bacterial ...Enterovirus: Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC): an epidemic form of highly contagious conjunctivitis characterized by the sudden onset of painful, swollen, red eyes, with conjunctival hemorrhaging and excessive tearing. Caused by a picornavirus, enterovirus 70. Most commonly seen in Asia and Africa.Non-HDL cholesterol, also called remnant cholesterol, is calculated by taking a total cholesterol measurement and subtracting the HDL cholesterol measurement, according to Johns Ho...Definition: though a general term for inflammation, cellulitis in this module means a spreading bacterial infection of the skin. Erysipelas: superficial, sharply demarcated--nearly always group A Streptococcus. Cellulitis: deeper (subcutaneous) than erysipelas. Most cases are due to group A Streptococcus, but other streptococci are …Enterovirus: Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC): an epidemic form of highly contagious conjunctivitis characterized by the sudden onset of painful, swollen, red eyes, with conjunctival hemorrhaging and excessive tearing. Caused by a picornavirus, enterovirus 70. Most commonly seen in Asia and Africa.The Johns Hopkins POC-IT ABX Guide The Unbound Plateform: (See Specific drug ... (2013) John Hopkins Antibiotic Guide: Urinary Tract Infection, Complicated(UTI).AECB. Due to susceptible strains of Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP, treatment and prophylaxis) Urinary tract infections. uUTIs due to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Enterobacter spp, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, and Proteus vulgari.Cefazolin answers are found in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.The nomenclature is currently in flux. The clinical entity of mucormycosis refers to infection by organisms previously classified as Zygomycetes that are within the phylum Mucormycota order Mucorales. These include at least 38 species reported to cause infections in humans. These include Rhizopus species (most common), Rhizomucor …As a term, "coryneform ("club-shaped") bacteria" is sometimes used to denote a wide range of Gram-positive rods based on staining characteristics and DNA content (specific G/C ratios). Corynebacterium spp. included, but also others ( Arcanobacterium, Rothia mucilaginosa). Non-diphtherial species also referred to as "diphtheroids."Johns Hopkins POC-IT Guides. This series of comprehensive references, created by the experts at Johns Hopkins Medicine, is updated monthly and organized to let clinicians easily find information at the point-of-care. Compare pricing. Official website of the Johns Hopkins Antibiotic (ABX), HIV, Diabetes, and Psychiatry Guides, powered by …Used properly, antibiotics can save lives by fighting bacterial infections. Read about how to use antibiotics and about when not to use antibiotics. Antibiotics are medicines that ...Access up-to-date medical information for less than $1 a week. Purchase a subscription I’m already a subscriber. Browse sample topics. Otitis Externa answers are found in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.Most due to invasion of the urinary tract (secondary to catheters, stents) Consider presentations of staphylococcal bacteremia with findings of S. aureus in urine. Fastidious organisms are possible. Infections may be polymicrobial, especially if chronic urinary catheters or stents are present. There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is ...Johns Hopkins POC-IT Guides. This series of comprehensive references, created by the experts at Johns Hopkins Medicine, is updated monthly and organized to let clinicians easily find information at the point-of-care. Compare pricing. Official website of the Johns Hopkins Antibiotic (ABX), HIV, Diabetes, and Psychiatry Guides, powered by Unbound ...Jun 16, 2017 ... ... Antibiotic Stewardship Program at Johns Hopkins Hospital, which guides clinicians through making wise antibiotic choices. Tamma adds that ...P. jiroveci (formerly identified as P. carinii and pronounced " yee row vet zee”) cause of disease in humans. P. carinii and P. wakefieldiae infect rats, and P. murina infects mice. Other species infect a range of animals (e.g. rabbits, sheep, monkeys, aquatic mammals). Predominant forms (>90% in the lungs), multiply through binary fission ...ABX Guide (Johns Hopkins Antibiotics Guide)Opens a new website. AHFS Drug InformationOpens a new website. Bates Guide to Physical Examination and History ...Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Gynecologic Procedures ; Endometrial biopsy. None ; Induced abortion/D&C. Doxycycline. 100 mg orally 1 hour before procedure and 200 mg ...Download the app for evidence-based recommendations, expert analysis, and monthly updates on antimicrobial drugs and infectious diseases. Try free for 30 days and access webinars, …Skin and soft tissue infections. Erythrasma. Acute inflammatory pelvic disease, uncomplicated urethral, endocervical, or rectal infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Ophthalmic formulation: Blepharitis. Conjunctivitis. Prophylaxis of ophthalmia neonatorum due to N. gonorrhoeae or C. trachomatis.Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacilli of the Enterobacteriaceae family that ferments lactose and forms mucoid colonies. Twenty-two species belong to the Enterobacter genus. [11] Enterobacter spp. are commensals of the human gut and are commonly found in water, sewage, and soil.Enteric infections ( Proteus mirabilis infections, salmonellosis, shigellosis) Urinary tract infections. Note: ampicillin is not recommended to be used for empirically for the treatment of cystitis by IDSA guidelines due to its poor efficacy and the very high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative organisms [11]. Bacterial ...Outpatient antibiotic therapy (OPAT) answers are found in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are aerobic, Gram-positive coccus, occurring in clusters. Predominantly found on the skin and mucous membranes. Heterogeneous group. Catalase positive but coagulase negative ( S. aureus is coagulase positive). Major pathogens: S. epidermidis: colonies typically small, white-beige (about 1 …The program provides evidence-based, standardized recommendations for antibiotic use at Johns Hopkins hospitals and outpatient settings. The guidelines cover antimicrobial …Acute bacterial sinusitis (ABS) Use for AECB and ABS indications should be avoided for routine use due recent FDA warning (Black Box warning) regarding serious and potentially permanent side effects (tendonitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS side effects). FDA safety warning regarding fluoroquinolone use.UTIs. Endovascular - step-down therapy. CNS candidiasis - step-down therapy. Neonatal candidiasis. Prophylaxis: critically ill patients s/p GI surgery, candidal infection prevention. Cryptococcal infections: meningitis (non-HIV) and pulmonary infections (HIV, non-HIV) Coccidioidomycosis. Disseminated cryptococcosis.PATHOGENS. Polymicrobial gastrointestinal flora. Anaerobes, including Bacteroides species. Gram-negative bacilli, including Enterobacterales. Enterococcus spp. (pathogenic role significance of enterococci remains controversial for many intraabdominal infections) There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.Access the entire. ABX Guide through the mobile app and any web browser. Johns Hopkins Guides Bundle (ABX, HIV, Diabetes, Psych) $ 79 .95. 1 year subscription. Shop now. Save 33% by combining all four Guides in one convenient app and website. Free sample topics including COVID-19 resources.... Antibiotic Awareness Week in Geneva (November 18 – 24, 2019). This year's deadline to apply is September 16. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthH. pylori is intrinsically resistant to sulfonamides, trimethoprim and vancomycin. Metronidazole resistance is estimated at 22-39%, 37% commonly cited in U.S. populations. Clarithromycin resistance is ~11-12%; in some studies, up to 24%. Amoxicillin or tetracycline resistance remains less common.O and H antigens designate Listeria serotypes. Sero-types 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b cause almost all human infections, and serotype 4b is associated with outbreaks. Isolated from environmental sources such as water, sewerage and foodstuffs. Outbreaks may be traced to pooling drain water or food processing surfaces that are subject to poor hygienic ...Alternative dosing: one full applicator (5 g) at bedtime for 7 days. Acne vulgaris: Cleocin T (gel, solution, lotion): apply twice daily to the affected area. More than one pledget can be used. Evoclin (foam): apply once daily to the affected area. Clindagel (gel): apply once daily to the affected area.Exacerbations of COPD classifications: Mild: treated with short-acting bronchodilators (SABDs), only. Moderate: SABD + antibiotics +/- oral corticosteroids. Severe: requires hospitalization or ED visit, includes respiratory failure. Significant AECB flare: need all 3 (see below) Increased sputum production.Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, agent of Lyme disease (LD) in North America. Other strains may cause LD in regions outside the U.S., e.g. B. garinii, B. afzelii in Europe. These species may not trigger positive U.S. 2-tier Lyme serologic assays but are better detected by Lyme C6 or Vlse antibody testing. There's more to see -- the rest of …Can be identified by a characteristic fatty acid profile on gas chromatography. Normal commensal of rodent oropharynx, even healthy pets and laboratory rats. The risk of infection after a rat bite may be as high as 10%. It may also be transmitted to humans by bite/scratch from mice, squirrels, cats, dogs, or pigs.Gram-negative infections caused by Y. pestis, F. tularensis, V. cholerae, C. fetus, Brucella spp., B. bacilliformis, C. granulomatis. Prophylaxis due to P. falciparum for short-term (< 4 months) travelers to regions with chloroquine- and/or pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine-resistant strains.Johns Hopkins POC-IT Guides. This series of comprehensive references, created by the experts at Johns Hopkins Medicine, is updated monthly and organized to let clinicians easily find information at the point-of-care. Compare pricing. Official website of the Johns Hopkins Antibiotic (ABX), HIV, Diabetes, and Psychiatry Guides, powered by …FDA. Treatment of serious or severe infections caused by susceptible strains of MRSA. Initial therapy when MRSA is suspected. Oral vancomycin: antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis caused by C. difficile and enterocolitis caused by S. aureus (including MRSA)IV drug use ( S. aureus, Pseudomonas, Serratia) Sickle cell ( Salmonella) Diabetes (Group B strep) Nail through sneaker ( Pseudomonas) Human bite ( Eikenella) Animal bite ( Pasteurella) Urinary tract infection or GU manipulation ( E.coli, Proteus, other Gram-negative bacilli) There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to ...Streptomycin answers are found in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.Rhinovirus (RV) is a single-strand, non-enveloped positive-sense RNA virus; as an enterovirus, it is a member of the Picornaviridae family of viruses. There are three species and 169 serologic virus subtypes. Human rhinovirus is responsible for up to 80% of common colds. Species include RV-A (adults > children), RV-B (least common) …
The symptoms of tendonitis in the finger include pain in the tendon when it is moved and swelling around the area, Johns Hopkins Medicine states. Tendonitis is the inflammation of .... Big fish poker
Johns Hopkins ABX Guide. View topics in the All Topics A section of Johns Hopkins Guides. Official website of the Johns Hopkins Antibiotic (ABX), HIV, Diabetes, and Psychiatry Guides, powered by Unbound Medicine. Johns Hopkins Guide App for iOS, iPhone, iPad, and Android included. Apr 5, 2012 ... In a joint study, researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Arizona State University found evidence suggesting ...A meta-analysis that mainly includes studies from the 1970s and 1980s; argues for using CSF lactate to help distinguish aseptic from bacterial meningitis with 93% sensitivity and 96% specificity. Utility diminished (sensitivity 49%) if antibiotics were administered before LP.Meropenem answers are found in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.Ureaplasma parvum (Up): most commonly isolated, considered vaginal commensal. Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu): considered most virulent, especially in urethritis, afflicting men, although one large study found a lack of association with symptoms [6]. Association with other disease entities, such as PID, is less robust.The Johns Hopkins Antibiotic Guide is an evidence-based decision resource for antibiotic prescribing. It is updated monthly and available online, on mobile devices, and in print.Download the app for evidence-based recommendations, expert analysis, and monthly updates on antimicrobial drugs and infectious diseases. Try free for 30 days and access webinars, …MALDI-TOF and PCR can be useful for accurate identification and updated versions of commercial yeast identification platforms are increasingly evolving to be able to identify C. auris. There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers. Candida species answers are found in the Johns Hopkins ABX Guide powered by ...Apr 2, 2001 ... The origin of Hopkins' Antibiotic Guide, or ABX Guide, and a planned family of guides, came not from a computer guru but from Sharon McAvinue, a ...Jul 20, 2021 ... If you are heading to EM, then EMRA is the way to go. Peds has Nelson's Antimicrobial Therapy. There is also the Johns Hopkins Antibiotic Guide ...Anaerobes (50 - 70% of all bites, especially Prevotella spp ., but rarely detected) Viruses: case reports following human bite wounds. HIV. Hepatitis B. Hepatitis C. Monkey bites: see Herpes B virus module. Bear bites: strep, staph, Enterococcus and gram negatives ( E. coli, Proteus, Citrobacter, Serratia) Rat bites: Streptobacillus ...If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file. Author, Johns Hopkins.Enterococci are facultatively anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria in short chains, which grow under extreme conditions, i.e., 6.5% NaCl, pH 9.6, temperature range from 10-45°C, and in the presence of bile salts. They are not as intrinsically virulent as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. Adhere to extracellular matrix …The Latest Information on Antibiotics. The Johns Hopkins ABX Guide is a comprehensive web and mobile resource that delivers up-to-date, authoritative information on infectious diseases, …If infectious, frequently polymicrobial. Leading pathogens: Gram Negatives: Enterobacterales: E. coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species. Pseudomonas species are more common in hospital-acquired infections but also associated with community-acquired cholecystitis. Gram Positives: Enterococcus. Anaerobes: Clostridium and …Can be identified by a characteristic fatty acid profile on gas chromatography. Normal commensal of rodent oropharynx, even healthy pets and laboratory rats. The risk of infection after a rat bite may be as high as 10%. It may also be transmitted to humans by bite/scratch from mice, squirrels, cats, dogs, or pigs..